ABOUT THE USE OF THE BASIN APPROACH FOR FORMING AN EFFECTIVE SYSTEM OF NATURE USE AND NATURE PROTECTION
The possibility of using the basin approach to the formation of an integrated environmental protection system in the river basin is considered. First, its functional unity, territorial certainty served as the basis for the development on the basin basis of an optimization model of nature and land use. Examples of dissertational works using this approach for analyzing the ecological state, transformational changes in geoecological processes, land use of small river basins are given. The organization of nature conservation areas is very closely linked to the system of land and nature management. For the river basin, a very important condition is the water accumulation in the upper part of the basin and effective water regulation in the middle and lower parts. The dominant protected areas and objects in this case are hydrological (sources of rivers, their inflow, water sources and wetland vegetation). As the river cuts in, its banks become steep and in this case it is necessary to create reserved tracts for the conservation of plant communities in sloping areas. In our example on the river Dzhurin in the lower part of the basin has rich natural recreational resources, which made it possible in this part of the basin to create a regional landscape and national nature parks. Thus, in the lower part of the basin the recreational nature management is dominant. Conducted field studies of the basin of the river Dzhurin, the left tributaries of the Dniester, served as the basis for the development of a draft system of prospective conservation areas, which, with the existing ones, will allow increasing the level of the basin’s reserve to 14.7% with the average oblast indicator of 8.9%. On the proposed map and photographic materials, one can be sure of the need to create a basin network of protected areas. Given the role of natural vegetation and protected areas in the organization of local eco-networks, this approach creates the prerequisites for a comprehensive analysis of nature management, its optimization and creation of a nature conservation system for interaction between society and nature at the local level. This makes it possible to increase the share of nature-sustaining forms of management, which serves as the right direction for sustainable development of the territory.
Key words: basin approach, integrated PZF network, functional parameters, nature protection role.
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